7.5 " Shouldn't we do more for the world?" :
Is The Social Gospel Biblical?
It is often questioned whether we are correct to place our
emphasis on preaching and Bible study, and instead perhaps we ought to
concentrate on reaching out to help the suffering in this world,
preaching a social Gospel. But is this Biblical? There is no doubt that
we have a duty to do good to all men, to show the love and grace of
Christ to all men and all things we come into contact with in life-
even animals. Our experience of that love, so great, so free, ought to
influence us even down to our body language and the way we walk. And
yet the question is, what should be the balance in our lives; should we
concentrate mainly on loving the brotherhood, or showing love to the
world generally? On preaching the social Gospel, or feeding the
starving?
There has been a very distinct trend in our community with
regard to our social conscience about the world around us. When
confronted with flood ruined Bangladesh, or drought smitten Somalia,
the traditional response was firstly sorrow and sympathy, but then a
most definite feeling that it was not for us to do anything practical
to alleviate this suffering. " Let the potsherds of the earth strive
with the potsherds of the earth" ; " let the dead bury their dead; but
go thou and preach the Gospel" were verses oft quoted at church
business meetings (and the like) in my youth when these issues were
raised. But many in our community now seem to have developed a genuine
conscience about the world's suffering, feeling that as God has reached
out into our spiritually desperate lives, so we should be moved with
compassion by the world's sufferings. The following are purely personal
responses to our dilemma (if it is that).
- If we are the seed of the woman, we will be in constant,
aggressive conflict with the seed of the snake; the world, structured
as it is around the " Lusts" of human nature. Is this Biblically
compatible with preaching a social gospel? In Christ we will have
peace; but in the world, we will have tribulation, even as Christ did.
Our pity for the world, the good deeds we should do to all men, must
not lead us to love the world. For if we do that, it is
impossible for us to love the Father (1 Jn. 2:15). The 'devil' refers
both to our own internal lusts, and the world at large. The world is in
our hearts, in this sense (Ecc. 3:11). Thus " the world" is paralleled
with " the lust thereof" (1 Jn. 2:17). As there is a most pronounced
conflict within our own beings between flesh and spirit, so there will
be between us and the world. We are not to agape this world,
to love with the love of Christian brethren. The agape we
have for our brethren is something very special, and must not be shared
with the world; if we do so, the love of the Father is not in us,
because we are declaring the world to be the ecclesia (1 Jn. 2:15). It
cannot therefore be true that we ought to show the same kind
of love to the world as we show to our brethren.
- Yet God loved the world- through giving Christ to enable
their spiritual salvation. " God so loved the world, that He
gave His only begotten Son" (Jn. 3:16) implies that the love of God for
the world was channelled through the work of Christ. Biblically, this
Gospel was not a social Gospel. Note the import of the word " so"
- not 'so much', but 'so, in this way...'. There are just so many
connections between the love of God and the death of Christ, that it is
easy to overlook them. For example, " God loved us, and sent His Son to
be a propitiation for our sins...hereby ('in this') we perceive the
love of God, because he laid down his life for us" (1 Jn. 4:10; 3:16).
The love of God is " in Christ Jesus" . Likewise, the love
of Christ is so often linked with His death. Christ " Loved us, and
washed us from our sins" (Rev. 1:5). He gave His life so that the world
might have life (Jn. 6:51); and yet He gave His life for us.
My conclusion is that the love of Christ was not for the whole world,
or for the physical planet. It was for us whom God has called out of
this world to benefit from the Lord's sacrifice; for us who to God,
from His perspective, constitute " the world" with which He deals. "
The world" in John's Gospel often means the Jewish world. The Lord died
for their salvation fundamentally (Gal. 4:5), and we only
have access to this by becoming spiritual Israel through baptism.
- If we are to show the love of God to the world, this will
primarily (but not exclusively) be in terms of our spiritual help
towards them, rather than a social gospel. Our response to God's love
in Christ will also be expressed by laying down our lives " for the brethren"
. The next verse helps define this as material, practical help (1 Jn.
3:16,17). Paul's conception of love to the world around him was clearly
rooted in the need to preach to them, rather than provide material
help. He felt he had a debt to love others (Rom. 13:8); yet also a debt
to preach (Rom. 1:14). His debt was to love in the form of preaching.
There is a trend within our community which deserves thought: as
increasing numbers are baptized in poorer countries, far outstripping
growth in the wealthier areas, the material need of our brotherhood is
increasing. As opportunities for witness open, our missionary brethren
are faced with colossal numbers of men and women who earnestly desire
to be taught the Truth. But those very brethren (and sisters) are
operating to tight budgets which are scarcely adequate. My conclusion
is that in our financial giving, we should firstly remember the
desperate needs of many of our brethren. But again, I emphasize, this
is not to say that there is no place for showing practical
love and good deeds to the world at large.
- Let us not be wilfully ignorant of the fact that 'giving
to charity' as part of a social gospel has an element of appealing to
the flesh in it. Now I am not saying that I am even tempted to suspect
any of us as having this motivation in our giving to the surrounding
world; I simply raise it as a caveat. And let's not equate true love
with the mere act of giving aid to charities. We can give all our goods
to feed the poor, but lack true love; the life of love, the love of
Christ permeating all our being (1 Cor. 13:3 may well have been written
by Paul with his mind on some in the early Jerusalem ecclesia, who did
give all their goods to the ecclesial poor, but lacked a true love, and
returned to Judaism). The 'world' is structured around the desires of
the flesh, being comprised of people who are devoted to the selfishness
of human nature. Whether nominally 'Christian' or not, they do not have
the Biblical attributes of " love, joy, peace" etc.- for
these are fruits developed by the word of Truth acting upon
the mind of the believer. All those outside of Christ are active
enemies of God, provoking His anger (Eph. 2:3-15), labourers standing
spiritually idle in the market place (Mt. 20:7). For this reason, we
should not necessarily feel 'shamed' by the example of their charity.
The 'world' raises huge amounts of money to help its own people. For a
good cause, some would even dare to die. But does this not exemplify
the Lord's words, when He spoke of how the world loves its own? None of
these are reasons not to give to charities. But we must
watch our motivation; for it is evident that we should have
different motives in our giving, to those of the 'world' around us.
- The Old Covenant's command to love one's neighbour as
oneself was in the context of life in Israel. One's " neighbour"
referred to others belonging to the Covenant people; not to those in
the 'world' of the surrounding nations. New Testament quotation of this
command totally supports this view; under the New Covenant, we must
love those within the ecclesia as we love ourselves (Gal.
5:14). 1 Cor. 6:1 (R.V.) speaks of brethren within the ecclesia as "
neighbours" . Again, this is not in itself proof that we should not
give to (e.g.). famine relief. But it surely indicates that we are
misguided in thinking that such action is fulfilling this command.
However, there is copious evidence within the Law that Israel were to
be considerate and concerned for the Gentile world around them.
But there is no Biblical evidence that Israel preached a social Gospel
to them.
- The parable of the good Samaritan needs careful reflection
before we see in it a command to concentrate on giving to the
world. It is used as Biblical evidence for a social gospel. The
Samaritan was " neighbour unto him that fell among thieves" (Lk.
10:36)- i.e. the story shows how he fulfilled the command to love our
neighbour. We have shown above that this command refers to love for
those related to the Covenant. The Samaritan represented Christ. The
mugged man was those He came to save; not the world generally, for they
have not all accepted His healing. We must go and do likewise; in
showing the love of Christ to the world. But we have earlier defined
that love as being paramountly spiritual, and relating to the
work of the cross. The parable was teaching the inability of the Law to
save man spiritually, not materially.
- The Samaritan " was moved with compassion" by the man's
(spiritual) state (Lk. 10:33 R.V.). This is the same phrase as used
concerning how Christ " was moved with compassion" by the multitudes.
The connection with the good Samaritan parable would invite us to read
the Lord's compassion as fundamentally spiritual. The reason
for the miracles was to confirm the spoken word (Mk. 16:20), to lead
men to see the wisdom of the message they were validating (Mk. 6:2).
Are there any examples of Christ doing miracles for reasons unconnected
with preaching? They often (always?) had symbolic meaning; and were
designed to inculcate faith (Jn. 20:31) and repentance (Mt. 11:21). And
in any case, His miracles were largely to benefit the Covenant people,
or those closely associated with them. The apostles didn't do mass
benefit miracles (e.g. feeding thousands of people) to back up their
preaching in the Gentile world; even though they had the power to do "
greater works" than did the Lord (Jn. 14:12). 'Charitable' giving ought
to be associated with preaching, surely, if we are to follow
the example of Christ's compassion with the multitudes. In
practice, the work of providing welfare and conducting fresh preaching
is done by the same brethren in the mission field.
- We must be careful what we mean when we feel that God
looks down upon the human condition, and is " moved with compassion"
towards men, and therefore comes to their aid. Scripture abounds with
examples of God doing this for His people. But not once do we
read of God physically intervening to alleviate the distress of, e.g.,
an earthquake which has affected unenlightened people, and sharing some
kind of social Gospel with them. Indeed, should He do so, one is faced
with the paradox of God bringing that " evil" upon those people, and
then being moved with compassion and partially reversing that " evil" .
The Spirit teaches that in our time of dying, human beings are the same
as animals. It is tragically sad that animals are tortured and
exterminated. But is there any higher degree of tragedy, in God's
sight, in the suffering of unenlightened men? Because the Reubenites
cried to God in faith, " there fell down many slain (of the Hagarites),
because the war was of God" (1 Chron. 5:22). And consider how millions
live and die or die in the womb, with God's full knowledge and
allowance, never to have the invitation of the Gospel. Short of
believing in a universal 'second chance', we just have to accept that
human death does not mean to God what it does to us as men. A lion will
be more touched by the sufferings of its fellow lion, than it will be
by the cries of a lion-mauled human being. Likewise, we are more
touched by the sufferings of our fellow man than by those of other
species. But is there any evidence that God sees
human suffering differently from that of the animal world? Is the manner
of death significant to God? These are honest questions.
- Gentile tribes had to obliterated in their entirety lest
they provide temptation to God's people to turn to other gods (Dt.
20:18). God saw the spiritual welfare of His people as more important
than the physical wellbeing of the unbelieving world around them- even
though actually this command to exterminate the Gentile tribes in
Canaan was occasioned by the very weakness
of God's people, for whose spiritual sake it was done. This apparent
justification of ethnic cleansing is indeed hard for us to grapple with.
- The whole language of our redemption and deliverance in
Christ is based upon Israel's deliverance from Egypt. God was moved by
the distress of those whom He was going to call into special
relationship with Him; and therefore He was moved with compassion
towards them. He did all that was possible to deliver them. But God was
evidently not 'moved' in the same way by the sufferings of the
Egyptians. The plagues brought about the equivalent devastation of the
worst floods, earthquakes or volcanoes ever shown on TV. The economy
was ruined, disease rampant (think of the plagues of blood, lice and
flies, not to mention the huge numbers of rotting carcasses). This was
all consciously brought about by God. And think of the death of the
firstborn. 'All somebody's sons', as the Charity appeals often say;
from sweet babies of happy young parents, to the strapping young men
who were the pride and joy of middle age. It does us no harm to think
of the physical and emotional carnage which God wrought. And
the Israelites hardly had a whip round to help the poor old Egyptians
who were in such a desperate crisis; in fact, God told them to do just
the opposite. We must be fully aware that Israel's position exactly
typifies our own. We have left the world of Egypt, a world which is
heading for a like destruction. Those 'Egyptians' who wish can decide
now to escape- by associating themselves with God's people. Indeed, the
Mosaic Law stressed that any who showed any inclination to do this were
to be treated with the utmost generosity; yet there seems to be no
explicit command under the Law to encourage Israel to get involved in
alleviating the problems of the surrounding nations. God's own Son made
the point that He did not pray for the world, but for His own people
(Jn. 17:9). The way He tells the Father this in prayer would seem to
emphasize how strongly He felt about this. The commands to pray for the
world are in the context of requesting that human Governments might
permit God's people to live spiritual lives among them (Jer. 29:7; 1
Tim. 2:2); not for the Governments etc. in themselves.
God's World
The implication of some of the points listed above is that God
is believer-centric; to Him, His 'world' is the believers, and the rest
count for almost nothing, relatively speaking (1).
The following Biblical evidence needs to be considered before we opt
for a social gospel. He speaks of " Macedonia and Achaia" as meaning
'the believers in Macedonia and Achaia' (Rom. 15:26). The whole
creation which praises God is defined as God’s saints (Ps. 145:10
NIV). God thereby reveals Himself as 'believer-centric'. Thus often
Scripture speaks as if " all men" will be raised. Rom. 2:6-9 speaks of
" every man" being judged at the second coming. We know that literally
" all men" will not be. But the believers are " all things" to God and
Christ. The head of “every man is Christ” only in the sense
that “every [believing] man” has this relationship with
Him. “Every man” to God is therefore those in Christ.
“All” shall be made alive at the Lord’s return- i.e.
all “that are Christ’s” (1 Cor. 15:22,23). " All
things" is a title of the church in Ephesians and Colossians, and " any
man" evidently means 'any believer' in 1 Cor. 8:10. “All
men...every man” means ‘all that believed’ in Acts
2:44,45. Christ died a ransom “for all”, and yet more
specifically “a ransom for many”, i.e. not all (1 Tim. 2:5
cp. Mk. 10:45). The Lord said that He did not pray for the world
(relevant to joining in 'days of prayer' etc.?), but for " all mine...them
which thou gavest me out of the world" . The believers will " all" be
raised. There are times, too, when Paul speaks as if " all" who are
raised will be saved. Again, we know that this is not true. But once we
appreciate that he saw " all" men as referring to the faithful,
problems disappear. The " every man" who had material gave it for the
construction of the tabernacle, according to Ex. 35:23; although this "
every man" is elsewhere defined as " every one whom his spirit made
willing" to donate (Ex. 35:21). In like manner, Rom. 3:19 (A.V.mg.)
defines " all the world" as those " subject to the judgment of God" -
which is only the responsible. " Every knee shall bow to me...every
tongue shall confess...so then every one of us shall give
account" (Rom. 14:11,12) is another example- 'all men', 'every man'
means 'every one of us the responsible'. “The dead” will be
judged (Rev. 11:18)- not everyone who ever died, but the dead who, God
counts responsible. " The grace of God that bringeth salvation hath
appeared unto all men" (Tit. 2:11)- certainly not to every human being
that has ever lived; but to the " all men" of the new creation. The
Lord tasted death " for every man" (Heb. 2:9)- for every one who has a
representative part in His sacrifice through baptism. Christ "
reconciled the world" in that He obtained forgiveness for us
(2 Cor. 5:19)- we are " the world" which was reconciled, we
are the " all things" purged by His blood (Heb. 9:22). “The
Gentiles” is put for ‘the Gentiles who believe’ (Rom.
2:14; 3 Jn. 7). 1 Cor. 4:9 seems to make a difference between " the
world" and " men" , as if Paul is using " the world" here as meaning
'the world of believers'. The Lord was " a ransom for all" (1 Tim.
2:6), although it was only us, the redeemed, who were ransomed by Him
out of sin's slavery (Lk. 1:68; Tit. 2:14; 1 Pet. 1:18; Rom. 8:13; Rev.
5:9; 14:3,4). The " all men" of our 'world' should therefore
be limited to those who constitute God's world, as here
defined. The real solution to being 'too inward looking' is to go out
into the highways and byways, and compel men to come in to the
covenants of promise.
The risen Lord has filled " all things" with His spirituality,
" the whole universe" , i.e. the believers (Eph. 3:19; 4:10 NIV). This
is based on God's attitude in the OT; that Israel were His people, His
'world', and the other nations were " not a people" ; effectively, they
weren't people, in God's eyes (Dt. 32:21). Is this Biblical evidence
for a social Gospel? These words are true of all those who are out of
covenant relationship with Him, including those who have fallen away.
Thus Elisha told the apostate king of Israel: " Were it not that I
regard the presence of Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, I would not
look toward thee, nor see thee" (2 Kings 3:14). In some passages,
it would seem that God's word is written specifically for His people,
and has no meaning for the world at large- e.g. 2 Tim. 1:9,10: " Who
hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling...which was given us
in Christ...but is now made manifest [unto us] by the appearing of our
Saviour Jesus Christ, who hath abolished death [for us], and
hath brought life and immortality to light [for us] through
the Gospel" .
Is. 60:2 speaks of the sun rising upon Zion- as if Zion was
the whole earth to God. Ps. 89:12 shows how God reckons the points of
the compass with reference to Jerusalem: " The north and the south thou
hast created them: Tabor (in the west) and Hermon (in the east) shall
rejoice" . Likewise " the sea" is often used to show that the west is
intended, the Mediterranean being to the west of Jerusalem (Num. 2:18;
Josh. 16:5,6; Ez. 42:19). " The east" is put for Persia, Media and the
lands east of Jerusalem (Ez. 25:4; Mt. 2:1); " the south" for Egypt,
south of Canaan (Jer. 13:19; Dan. 11:5), or for the negev, the hill
country south of Jerusalem (Gen. 12:9; 13:1,3; Ez. 20:46,47); " the
north" is put for Babylon (Jer. 1:13-15 etc.). This would all explain
why Is. 20:6 (Heb.) describes Israel as an island in God’s eyes.
This, to Him, was ‘the world’. Abraham was promised eternal
inheritance of Israel, but Paul saw this as inheritance of “the
world” (Rom. 4:13).
However, there is a strong and powerful corollary to all this.
Those among God's people who break their covenant with Him, He sees as
the world. Thus Moses prophesied of an apostate Israel: " They have
dealt corruptly with [God], they are no longer his children because of
their blemish; they are a perverse and crooked generation" (Dt. 32:5
RSV). These very words are used by Paul regarding the Gentile world
(Phil. 2:15). Apostate Israel are the pagan world (2); and therefore the rejected at the day of
judgment will be condemned along with the world (1 Cor. 11:32). The
disciples were to shake off the dust of their feet against unbelieving
Israel (Mt. 10:14; Mk. 6:11; Acts 8:51), in allusion to the Rabbinic
teaching that the dust of Gentile lands caused defilement. Israel who
rejected the Gospel were thus to be treated as Gentiles. God sees the
world as actively evil: " this present evil world" (Gal. 1:4), under
His condemnation (1 Cor. 11:32); he that is not with the Lord Jesus is
seen as actively against Him, not just passively indifferent (Lk.
11:23). It is absolutely fundamental that our separation from this
world is related to our salvation. The act of baptism is a saving of
ourselves not only from our sins, but all from " this untoward
generation" in which we once lived (Acts 2:40).
Throughout Scripture, the opposition between the kingdoms of
this world and the Kingdom of God is highlighted. After the
establishment of the first ecclesia in Jerusalem, the Acts record seems
to emphasize the pointed conflict between the ecclesia and the world.
Being " of one accord" was a hallmark of the early brethren (Acts 1:14;
2:1,46; 4:24; 5:12; 15:25); but the world were in " one accord" in
their opposition to that united ecclesia (Acts 7:57; 12:20; 18:12;
19:29).
We ought to be deeply, deeply moved by the fact that we have
been called into God's world, into His sphere of vision. He even
created the different types of meats " to be received with thanksgiving
of them which believe and know the truth" (1 Tim. 4:3); they were made
for us, not the world, and therefore we ought to give thanks
for our food with this realization. Appreciating this is the most
powerful motivator for us to be separate from this world. God destroyed
Moab because they said that Judah was just like any other heathen
nation (Ez. 25:8). Even though in reality this was true, this was so
abhorrent for Yahweh to hear. There is a Biblical theme that the
rejected saints will be punished along with the world around them (1
Cor. 11:32). If we are not separate from this world now, we will not be
separated form them when the judgments fall. This was foreshadowed by
the way apostate Israel were treated like the surrounding Gentile world
in the time of their judgments (e.g. Jer. 4:7; Am. 9:7).
The love of God for " the world" was in giving Christ so that
whoever believed in Him might have eternal life. Jn. 3:16 suggests a
parallel between " the world" and whoever believes in Christ. This
seems Biblical evidence to reject a social Gospel. Dan. 7:21 cp. 23
parallels the saints with “the whole earth”. Christ died so
that the sins of not only John and his readers might be forgiven, but
also those " of the whole world" (1 Jn. 2:2). If this means literally
everyone, it would follow that God would give the whole world the
opportunity to know His Son and repent, but He has not done this. It
therefore follows that " the whole world" refers to those God has
called to salvation. We are " all things" to Him, as He and the things
of His Truth should be " all things" to us. The Lord died so that the
world may have life (Jn. 6:51); but only those who eat His words and
assimilate the true meaning of His cross will share this life;
therefore " the world" refers to all who would believe. It is for them
(us, by His grace), not even for those who respond but ultimately fall
away, that the Lord gave His all. We are " the world" to Him. Let's not
dilute the specialness of His love and the wonder of our calling to
these things.
Notes
(1) This idea is also
discussed in The Language of God.
(2) Many examples of
this are given in The Last Days , Appendix 3.
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